According to a press release, The International and American Associations for Dental Research (IADR/AADR) recently published a paper in the Journal of Dental Research titled “ß-catenin is required in Odontoblasts for Tooth Root Formation.” It was written by lead authors, Tak-Heun Kim and Cheol-Hyeon Bae, Chonbuk National University, Korea School of Dentistry, Laboratory for Craniofacial Biology.

As the release states, the tooth root, together with the surrounding periodontium maintains the tooth in the jaw. The root develops after the crown forms, a process called morphogenesis. While the molecular and cellular mechanisms of early tooth development and crown morphogenesis have been extensively studied, little is known about the molecular mechanisms controlling tooth root formation.

In the study, Kim and Bae and the rest of the group show that a protein called ß-catenin is strongly expressed in odontoblasts – the cells that develop the tooth dentin, and is required for root formation. Tissue-specific inactivation of ß-catenin in developing odontoblasts produced molars lacking roots and aberrantly thin incisors. At the beginning of root formation in the mutant molars, the cervical loop epithelium extended apically to form Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS), but root odontoblast differentiation was disrupted and followed by the loss of a subset of HERS inner layer cells. However, outer layer of HERS extended without the root, and the mutant molars finally erupted. The periodontal tissues invaded extensively into the dental pulp.

As explained in the release, these results indicate that there is a cell-autonomous requirement for Wnt/ß-catenin signaling in the dental mesenchyme for root formation.


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